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  • Python Inheritance
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Inheritance Definition

Inheritance allows a class (child) to acquire properties and methods of another class (parent).

This promotes:

• Code reusability
• Hierarchy / structure
• Cleaner and scalable programs

---

Basic Inheritance

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        print("Animals make sound")

class Dog(Animal):  # Dog inherits from Animal
    pass

d = Dog()
d.speak()

Explanation

• Animal is the parent/base class.
• Dog is the child/derived class.
• Dog gets the speak() method without writing it again.

---

Single Inheritance

class Parent:
    def show(self):
        print("This is parent class")

class Child(Parent):
    def display(self):
        print("This is child class")

c = Child()
c.show()
c.display()

📝 Child gets access to both:
➡ show() (from Parent)
➡ display() (its own)

---

Multilevel Inheritance

class A:
    def feature1(self):
        print("Feature 1")

class B(A):
    def feature2(self):
        print("Feature 2")

class C(B):
    def feature3(self):
        print("Feature 3")

c = C()
c.feature1()
c.feature2()
c.feature3()

📝 Chain of inheritance: A → B → C
Class C inherits everything.

---

Multiple Inheritance

class Father:
    def bike(self):
        print("Father's bike")

class Mother:
    def car(self):
        print("Mother's car")

class Child(Father, Mother):
    pass

obj = Child()
obj.bike()
obj.car()

📝 Child receives methods of both parents.

---

Hierarchical Inheritance

class Animal:
    def sound(self):
        print("Animal sound")

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

class Cat(Animal):
    pass

d = Dog()
c = Cat()
d.sound()
c.sound()

📝 One parent → Multiple children.

---

Using super() to Access Parent Data

class Parent:
    def __init__(self):
        print("Parent constructor")

class Child(Parent):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        print("Child constructor")

c = Child()

📝 super() is used to call parent methods/constructors.