Electricity bill with slabs

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 29

Electricity bill with slabs

MediumIf-Else Programs · 29 of 64

Write a Python program to calculate an electricity bill. Units 1-50 cost Rs 0.50, units 51-100 Rs 0.75, units 101-250 Rs 1.25 and units above 250 Rs 1.50 each. Add a 17% surcharge.

Input
350 units
Output
40 units -> 23.4
120 units -> 102.38
350 units -> 468.0

Approach

  1. Charge each slab only for the units that fall in it.
  2. Add 17% to the total.

Solution

Python
def bill(units):    amount = 0    if units > 250:        amount += (units - 250) * 1.50        units = 250    if units > 100:        amount += (units - 100) * 1.25        units = 100    if units > 50:        amount += (units - 50) * 0.75        units = 50    amount += units * 0.50    return round(amount * 1.17, 2) for u in [40, 120, 350]:    print(u, "units ->", bill(u))
Output
40 units -> 23.4
120 units -> 102.38
350 units -> 468.0

Line by line

Lines 3-5

Units above 250 are charged at 1.50, then units is capped at 250 for the next slab.

Lines 6-11

Each lower slab takes the units between its limits.

Line 12

The first 50 units (or fewer) cost 0.50 each.

Line 13

Multiplying by 1.17 adds the 17% surcharge.

Note

The original sample output (438.75 for 350 units) did not follow these slabs. With slab pricing, 350 units cost 25 + 37.5 + 187.5 + 150 = 400, plus 17% = 468.0.

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Print 10 to 15 except 13

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 28

Print 10 to 15 except 13

EasyIf-Else Programs · 28 of 64

Write a Python program to print all the numbers from 10 to 15 except 13.

Output
10
11
12
14
15

Approach

  1. Loop through the range and skip 13 with continue.

Solution

Python
for n in range(10, 16):    if n == 13:        continue    print(n)
Output
10
11
12
14
15

Line by line

Lines 2-3

continue skips the rest of the loop body for 13 only.

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Check if a value is a string

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 27

Check if a value is a string

EasyIf-Else Programs · 27 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether the given input is a string.

Input
"sqatools", 100
Output
'sqatools' True
100 False

Approach

  1. Use isinstance(value, str).

Solution

Python
for value in ["sqatools", 100]:    print(repr(value), isinstance(value, str))
Output
'sqatools' True
100 False

Line by line

Line 2

isinstance returns the True/False answer directly.

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Check if a value is a float

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 26

Check if a value is a float

EasyIf-Else Programs · 26 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a given value is a float.

Input
12.6, 12
Output
12.6 is a float
12 is not a float

Approach

  1. Use isinstance(value, float).

Solution

Python
for value in [12.6, 12]:    if isinstance(value, float):        print(value, "is a float")    else:        print(value, "is not a float")
Output
12.6 is a float
12 is not a float

Line by line

Line 2

12 is an int, even though it equals 12.0 numerically.

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Check if a value is an integer

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 25

Check if a value is an integer

EasyIf-Else Programs · 25 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a given value is an integer.

Input
54, 5.4, "54"
Output
54 True
5.4 False
'54' False
True False

Approach

  1. Use isinstance(value, int), and exclude booleans, which are a kind of int.

Solution

Python
for value in [54, 5.4, "54", True]:    if isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool):        print(repr(value), True)    else:        print(repr(value), False)
Output
54 True
5.4 False
'54' False
True False

Line by line

Line 2

isinstance checks the type. True is technically an int in Python, so it is excluded explicitly.

Line 3

repr() shows strings with quotes, so “54” is clearly text.

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Check a lowercase character

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 24

Check a lowercase character

EasyIf-Else Programs · 24 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a character is lowercase.

Input
"c", "Q"
Output
c True
Q False

Approach

  1. Use islower(), or compare with the range “a” to “z”.

Solution

Python
for ch in ["c", "Q"]:    if "a" <= ch <= "z":        print(ch, True)    else:        print(ch, False)
Output
c True
Q False

Line by line

Line 2

Characters compare by their Unicode order, so a chained comparison checks the a-z range. ch.islower() works too and also handles non-English letters.

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Check an uppercase character

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 23

Check an uppercase character

EasyIf-Else Programs · 23 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a character is uppercase.

Input
"A", "g", "5"
Output
A is an uppercase letter
g is not an uppercase letter
5 is not an uppercase letter

Approach

  1. Use the string method isupper().

Solution

Python
for ch in ["A", "g", "5"]:    if ch.isupper():        print(ch, "is an uppercase letter")    else:        print(ch, "is not an uppercase letter")
Output
A is an uppercase letter
g is not an uppercase letter
5 is not an uppercase letter

Line by line

Line 2

isupper() is True only for strings with at least one cased letter, all upper case; digits return False.

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Larger of two numbers

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 22

Larger of two numbers

EasyIf-Else Programs · 22 of 64

Write a Python program to print the larger of two numbers.

Input
25, 63
Output
63

Approach

  1. Compare them with >; handle equal numbers too.

Solution

Python
a, b = 25, 63if a > b:    print(a)elif b > a:    print(b)else:    print("Both are equal:", a)
Output
63

Line by line

Lines 6-7

Equal numbers get their own message.

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Positive or negative, even or odd

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 21

Positive or negative, even or odd

EasyIf-Else Programs · 21 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a number is positive or negative and even or odd.

Input
26, -7, 0
Output
26 is positive and even
-7 is negative and odd
0 is zero and even

Approach

  1. Decide the sign with if-elif-else.
  2. Decide parity with a conditional expression.

Solution

Python
for n in [26, -7, 0]:    if n > 0:        sign = "positive"    elif n < 0:        sign = "negative"    else:        sign = "zero"    parity = "even" if n % 2 == 0 else "odd"    print(f"{n} is {sign} and {parity}")
Output
26 is positive and even
-7 is negative and odd
0 is zero and even

Line by line

Lines 2-7

Three branches cover positive, negative and zero.

Line 8

A one-line conditional expression picks “even” or “odd”.

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Check if a number is negative

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Python Practice › If-Else Programs › Program 20

Check if a number is negative

EasyIf-Else Programs · 20 of 64

Write a Python program to check whether a number is negative and print True or False.

Input
-45, 12
Output
-45 True
12 False

Approach

  1. Compare with 0 using <.

Solution

Python
for n in [-45, 12]:    is_negative = n < 0    print(n, is_negative)
Output
-45 True
12 False

Line by line

Line 2

A comparison already produces a boolean, so storing it directly is the simplest form of this if-else.

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