In Selenium with Python, you can use the back(), forward(), and refresh() methods to navigate through browser history and reload pages. Here’s a quick overview of how to use them
- Selenium Features
- Selenium Installation
- Selenium Locators
- XPath Fundamentals
- CSS Selectors Methods
- Different Browsers Execution
- find_element & find_elements
- Check Enabled Status
- Check Displayed Status
- Check Selected Status
- Selenium Waits
- Send_keys Method
- Click Method
- Get Text
- Get Attribute Value
- Get Current URL
- Forward, Back, Refresh
- Take Screenshot
- Handle Browser Tabs
- Handle iframe
- Mouse Hover
- Context-Click
- Drag & Drop
- Handle Alerts
- Handle Dropdown
- Execute Javascript
- Scroll To element
- Headless Mode Execution
- Chrome Options
- Keyboard Action
Example Code
from selenium import webdriver
import time
# Initialize the WebDriver (e.g., using Chrome)
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Navigate to a URL
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
print("Initial URL:", driver.current_url)
# Navigate to another URL
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com")
print("Navigated to:", driver.current_url)
# Go back to the previous page
driver.back()
print("Back to:", driver.current_url)
# Back URL should be www.google.com
# Wait for 2 seconds
time.sleep(2)
# Move forward in the browser history
driver.forward()
print("Forward to:", driver.current_url)
# Move forward url to www.facebook.com
# Wait for 2 seconds
time.sleep(2)
# Refresh the current page ( facebook.com )
driver.refresh()
# Refresh facebook URL
print("Page refreshed at:", driver.current_url)
# Close the browser
driver.quit()
Results:
Initial URL: https://www.google.com/
Navigated to: https://www.facebook.com/
Back to: https://www.google.com/
Forward to: https://www.facebook.com/
Page refreshed at: https://www.facebook.com/
Explanation:
driver.back(): Navigates back to the previous page in the browser history.driver.forward(): Moves forward in the browser history.driver.refresh(): Refreshes/reloads the current page.