Leap years in a range given as text

Write a Python program to count the leap years in a range given as a string like “1981-2001”.

"1981-2001"

Total leap years: 5 [1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000]

Approach

1. Split the text, convert both years, count with calendar.isleap.

Solution

import calendar text = "1981-2001"start, end = map(int, text.split("-"))leaps = [y for y in range(start, end + 1) if calendar.isleap(y)]print("Total leap years:", len(leaps), leaps)

Total leap years: 5 [1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000]

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Name from an email address

Write a Python program to extract the name part of an email address (without trailing digits).

"student1@gmail.com"

student

Approach

1. Take the part before “@”, then strip digits from the end.

Solution

email = "student1@gmail.com"name = email.split("@")[0].rstrip("0123456789")print(name)

student

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Add two numeric strings

Write a Python program to add two strings as numbers and return a string.

"3", "7"

'10' | without conversion: 37

Approach

1. Convert to int, add, convert back.

Solution

a, b = "3", "7"print(repr(str(int(a) + int(b))), "| without conversion:", a + b)

'10' | without conversion: 37

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Split a multi-line string into lines

Write a Python program to split a multi-line string into a list of lines.

a three-line string

['This string Contains', 'Multiple', 'Lines']

Approach

1. splitlines().

Solution

text = """This string ContainsMultipleLines"""print(text.splitlines())

['This string Contains', 'Multiple', 'Lines']

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Extract numbers as integers

Write a Python program to extract the numbers from a string.

"python 456 self learning 89"

[456, 89]

Approach

1. Keep words that are digits and convert them.

Solution

text = "python 456 self learning 89"print([int(w) for w in text.split() if w.isdigit()])

[456, 89]

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Similarity of two strings

Write a Python program to measure how similar two strings are.

"Learning is fun in Sqatools", "Sqatools Online Learning Platform"

Similarity: 0.4
Word overlap (Jaccard): 0.29

Approach

1. difflib.SequenceMatcher returns a ratio from 0 (different) to 1 (identical).

Solution

from difflib import SequenceMatcher s1 = "Learning is fun in Sqatools"s2 = "Sqatools Online Learning Platform"ratio = SequenceMatcher(None, s1, s2).ratio()print("Similarity:", round(ratio, 2)) w1, w2 = set(s1.lower().split()), set(s2.lower().split())print("Word overlap (Jaccard):", round(len(w1 & w2) / len(w1 | w2), 2))

Similarity: 0.4
Word overlap (Jaccard): 0.29

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Remove symbols and capitalise

Write a Python program to remove unwanted characters from a string and capitalise it.

"sqa****too^^{ls"

Sqatools

Approach

1. Keep letters only, then capitalize().

Solution

text = "sqa****too^^{ls"print("".join(ch for ch in text if ch.isalpha()).capitalize())

Sqatools

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Number of non-empty substrings

Write a Python program to count the non-empty substrings of a string.

"sqatools12"

55
55

Approach

1. A string of length n has n(n + 1)/2 non-empty substrings.

Solution

text = "sqatools12"n = len(text)print(n * (n + 1) // 2)print(sum(1 for i in range(n) for j in range(i + 1, n + 1)))

55
55

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Count uppercase, lowercase, digits and specials

Write a Python program to count the uppercase, lowercase, special and numeric characters in a string.

"@SqaTools.lin"

Special characters: 2
Uppercase characters: 2
Lowercase characters: 9
Numeric values: 0

Approach

1. Test each character and increase the matching counter.

Solution

text = "@SqaTools.lin"upper = lower = digits = special = 0for ch in text:    if ch.isupper():        upper += 1    elif ch.islower():        lower += 1    elif ch.isdigit():        digits += 1    else:        special += 1print("Special characters:", special)print("Uppercase characters:", upper)print("Lowercase characters:", lower)print("Numeric values:", digits)

Special characters: 2
Uppercase characters: 2
Lowercase characters: 9
Numeric values: 0

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Keep only one given character

Write a Python program to remove all characters except a given one.

"Sqatools python", keep "S"

S

Approach

1. Keep characters equal to the given one.

Solution

text = "Sqatools python"keep = "S"print("".join(ch for ch in text if ch == keep))

S

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