Python Selenium Tutorials

• Selenium Features
• Selenium Installation
• Selenium Locators
• XPath Fundamentals
• CSS Selectors Methods
• Different Browsers Execution
• find_element & find_elements
• Check Enabled Status
• Check Displayed Status
• Check Selected Status
• Selenium Waits
• Send_keys Method
• Click Method
• Get Text
• Get Attribute Value
• Get Current URL
• Forward, Back, Refresh
• Take Screenshot
• Handle Browser Tabs
• Handle iframe
• Mouse Hover
• Context-Click
• Drag & Drop
• Handle Alerts
• Handle Dropdown
• Execute Javascript
• Scroll To element
• Headless Mode Execution
• Chrome Options
• Keyboard Action

Selenium is an open-source automation tool primarily used for automating web browsers. It allows developers and testers to simulate user interactions with web applications, making it highly valuable for testing and automating tasks on websites. Selenium supports multiple programming languages, platforms, and browsers.

Key Features and Functionality of Selenium:

1. Cross-Browser Testing:

Selenium supports multiple browsers like:

• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Safari
• Microsoft Edge
• Internet Explorer

This allows automation scripts to be executed across different browser environments, ensuring consistent functionality across platforms.

2. Multi-Language Support:

Selenium supports various programming languages, making it flexible for different development environments:

• Java
• Python
• C#
• Ruby
• JavaScript (Node.js)
• PHP

Users can write test scripts in their preferred language.

3. Support for Different Operating Systems:

Selenium can be used on multiple operating systems:

• Windows
• macOS
• Linux

This provides great flexibility to the tester to run tests on different platforms.

4. WebDriver:

Selenium WebDriver is the core component of the Selenium suite. It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements and simulate user actions like clicking, typing, navigating, etc. It interacts directly with the browser without requiring a middle-man, which ensures faster execution and more accurate testing.

5. Multiple Browser Tabs and Windows Support:

Selenium WebDriver can handle switching between multiple browser windows or tabs, helping in simulating real-world test cases like working with pop-ups, new windows, or new tabs.

6. Locating Web Elements:

Selenium offers various ways to locate web elements on a page using locators such as:

• ID
• Name
• Class Name
• XPath
• CSS Selectors
• Tag Name
• Link Text These locators are used to interact with specific elements like buttons, text boxes, and links.

7. Headless Browser Testing:

Selenium supports headless testing, allowing tests to be run in the background without opening a visible browser. This can improve execution speed, especially when running tests on servers.

8. Selenium Grid:

Selenium Grid allows parallel execution of tests across different machines and browsers. It helps in reducing test execution time by distributing tests across multiple nodes.

9. Automation of Dynamic Web Applications:

Selenium can handle dynamic web pages where elements may change without refreshing the page. This is crucial for testing modern web applications that use technologies like AJAX.

10. Integration with Test Frameworks:

Selenium can be integrated with various test frameworks like:

• TestNG (Java)
• JUnit (Java)
• PyTest (Python)
• NUnit (C#)

These integrations provide powerful features for assertion, test reporting, and grouping test cases.

11. Handling Alerts and Frames:

Selenium provides functionality to handle browser alerts (pop-ups), and work with iFrames (inline frames) within web pages. This is essential for testing interactions with these web elements.

12. Custom Waits:

Selenium offers both implicit and explicit waits, ensuring the web elements are properly loaded before interacting with them. This helps in making the tests more stable and robust, especially when dealing with slow-loading elements.

13. Data-Driven Testing:

Selenium can be integrated with external data sources like Excel, CSV, or databases, allowing testers to implement data-driven testing. This allows the same test script to run with multiple sets of data, improving test coverage.

14. Record and Playback (Selenium IDE):

Selenium IDE is a simple tool that allows users to record browser actions and generate test scripts automatically. While not as powerful as Selenium WebDriver, it’s useful for quick and simple automation or learning.

15. Open Source and Community Support:

Selenium is free to use and has an active community of developers. It is frequently updated, with a wide range of plugins and libraries available for enhancing its capabilities.

Use Cases of Selenium:

• Web Application Testing: Automating test cases for web applications across browsers.
• Regression Testing: Running repeated test cases with Selenium scripts to check for regressions in software behavior.
• Load Testing: Automating simulations of multiple users interacting with a website.
• Scraping Data: Extracting data from web pages by automating interactions.